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  • What's the central tendency?
    • "For instance" is not proof; it is an example
    • Mean, Mode, and Median
    • Variance
  • Interrogating averages: statistics
    • Are there extreme scores (outliers)?
    • Are there meaningful subgroups ?Who's in the denominator(clusters)?
    • What 's the variability (standard deviation)is being measured?
  • What are the odds (likelihood) of thatoccurrence?
  • What 's is the base rate?

III. Compared to what?

  • What 's is the implicit or explicit frame of reference?
  • What 's is the unit of measurement?
  • Per what?
  • What 's is the order of magnitude?
  • Interrogating a graph:
    • What's the Y-axis? Is it zero-based?
    • Does it K.I.S.S. , or is it filled with ChartJunk?

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